Scoliosis is defined as a lateral curvature of the spine. In most cases, the scoliosis is idiopathic (80% of cases), meaning that it is not known what has caused the curvature to occur. It is not caused by having poor posture or carrying a heavy book bag and in most cases, if detected early, it can be treated and does not cause any permanent problems or disabilities.
Idiopathic scoliosis can also much less commonly be found in young infants (infantile scoliosis), and children 4 to 10 years of age (juvenile scoliosis). Younger children should be seen by a pediatric orthopedic specialist, even if they have a small curve.
Infantile scoliosis is found in children age 2 months to 3 years. Most cases of infantile scoliosis are relatively minor and tend to resolve spontaneously. Because of this, observation is usually appropriate treatment. In severe cases of infantile scoliosis, or if there is continued progression of the deformity, then surgical treatment may be necessary.
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