Chilblains or Perniosis are itchy and/or tender red or purple bumps that occur as a reaction to cold. The condition is also known as pernio and is a localised form of vasculitis.
Chilblains are painful but they cause little or no permanent impairment.
Chilblains are usually caused by an abnormal reaction of the body to the cold. People who have poor circulation, an inadequate diet, or an allergic response to low temperatures are vulnerable to chilblains.
Chilblains may occur several hours after exposure to the cold in temperate humid climates. They are sometimes aggravated by sun exposure. Cold causes constriction of the small arteries and veins in the skin and re-warming results in leakage of blood into the tissues and swelling of the skin.
Chilblains are less common in countries where the cold is more extreme because the air is drier and people have specially designed living conditions and clothing. Children and the elderly are most often affected.
Chilblains are more likely to develop in those with poor peripheral circulation i.e. blue-red mottled skin on the limbs.
If you think chilblains have occured, do not apply extreme heat or cold to the affected area. Contact your doctor immediately.
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