Toenail fungus, known by physicians as Onychomycosis, affects about half of Americans by the age of 70. It is relatively rare in children, but the incidence increases with age. Onychomycosis occur when microscopic fungi gain entry through a small trauma in the nail, then grow and spread in the warm, moist environment inside the patient's socks and shoes.
Because onychomycosis can spread from foot to foot on the floors of showers and locker rooms, toenail fungal infections are especially common among military personnel and athletes. Onychomycosis also tends to affect individuals with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, and those with circulatory problems that decrease blood flow to the toes. However, many people have no clear predisposing factors.
Onychomycosis is a chronic condition that gradually progresses to involve more and more of the nail, rarely healing on its own. Even if the affected nail spontaneously falls off or is knocked off, the nail that regrows is usually infected with onychomycosis. In severe cases, surgical removal of nail may be necessary (Onycholysis).
Onycholysis is the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed.
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