Toenail fungus, known by physicians as Onychomycosis, toenail fungus affects about half of Americans by the age of 70. Toenail fungus is relatively rare in children, but the incidence increases with age. Fungus infections occur when microscopic fungi gain entry through a small trauma in the nail, then grow and spread in the warm, moist environment inside the patient's socks and shoes.
Because toenail fungus can spread from foot to foot on the floors of showers and locker rooms, toenail fungal infections are especially common among military personnel and athletes. Toenail fungus also tends to affect individuals with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, and those with circulatory problems that decrease blood flow to the toes. However, many people have no clear predisposing factors.
Toenail fungus is a chronic condition that gradually progresses to involve more and more of the nail, rarely healing on its own. Even if the affected nail spontaneously falls off or is knocked off, the nail that regrows is usually infected with toenail fungus. In severe cases, surgical removal of nail may be necessary.
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